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معرفی‌ گوشه‌ کوچکی از تاریخ ایران بزرگ و امپراطوری هزاران ساله ایرانیان نزد غربی ها

با اینکه تلاش مذبوحانه‌ای شده که وجود هزاران هزار شواهد و اسناد تاریخی‌ و آثار باستانی ایران را کمرنگ جلوه داده و حقیقت شگفت انگیز امپراطوری پارس‌ها را تا حد زیادی پنهان کنند، معذالک آنچنان این امپراتوری بزرگ و جهان شمول بوده که هر چقدر هم از آن میزنند و کم میکنند، باز هم عظیم ، باشکوه و شگفت انگیز است.
























1. Ancient Persia Ancient Persia was an Era filled with religion, conquests, interactions, and trade. This society really shows people what it means to rise to the top with amazing leaders that lead you into the right paths.
2. Ancient Civilization Persia is a civilization whose success was attributed to their peaceful methods and ways of expansion. Their location was also a right hand in their expansion and conquests.
3. Geography of Ancient Persia
Indo-Europeans migrated from Central Europe and southern Russia
to mountains east of Fertile Crescent.
The area extended from Caspian Sea to Persian Gulf.
This area had rich farmland, many minerals such as copper, lead, gold, silver, and blue lapis
lazuli.
Also known as present day Iran.
4.
Cyrus the Great (559-530) came into power after he overthrew Medians in 558. Cyrus first had to join his power over Iranian tribes on the Iranian plateau before expanding to the west. After Croesus, king of Lydia in Anatolia, enlarged his territory at the expense of the Medes, Cyrus marched against Lydia. Sardis, the Lydian capital, was captured in 547 or 546. Next Cyrus turned to Babylonia, where the people were unsatisfied with the ruler Nabonidus gave Cyrus a cause to invade the lowlands. The conquest was quick, because priests of Marduk, the national deity of the great metropolis of Babylon, had become separated from Nabonidus. In October 539 BC, the greatest city of the ancient world fell to the Persians. The capture of Babylon delivered not only Mesopotamia into the hands of Cyrus but also Syria and Palestine, which had been conquered previously by the Babylonians. Cyrus had a very imperialistic way of conquering. Instead of burning cities and killing the civilians of those areas, he decided to honor local customs and traditions. In his conquests he spilled little to no blood of the city people. He is known for freeing the Jewish captives in Babylonia and allowing them to return to their homeland. Cyrus was also tolerant toward the Babylonians and others. He showed respect local populations by supporting local customs and sacrificing to local gods.
Cyrus’s successor and son Cambyses (530-522) seized Egypt in 525 b.c. He is known for ordering for images of Egyptian gods to be burned. After his death rebellions broke out and the empire seemed to be fragile.
Cambyses’s successor Darius (521-486) conquered Afghanistan and India. While in power Egypt, Anatolia, part of east India, and center Fertile Crescent were embraced as part of the empire. The empire expanded 2500 miles from east to west during Darius’s reign. Created Royal Road which ran from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia, ran 1667 miles. Helped unite the large kingdom with satraps and manufacturing metal coins.
Darius extended the Persian empire to its farthest boundaries, extending all the way into Macedon just northeast of Greece. When the Greek cities of Asia Minor revolted against the high tributes demanded of them by the Persian empire, the Athenians joined in and conquered and burned Sardis, the capital of Lydia, in 498 BC. The Athenians, however, lost interest in the Greek struggle against Persia and, by 495 BC, Darius had reconquered Asia Minor.
Conquests
Cyrus the Great (559-530) came into power after he overthrew Medians in 558.
Cyrus first had to join his power over Iranian tribes on the Iranian plateau before
expanding to the west.
The king of Lydia in Anatolia, enlarged his territory at the expense of the
Medes then Cyrus marched against Lydia. Sardis, the Lydian capital, was conquered in
547 or 546.
Next Cyrus turned to Babylonia, where the people were unsatisfied with the ruler
Nabonidus gave Cyrus a cause to invade the lowlands. The conquest was quick, because
priests of Marduk, the national deity of the great metropolis of Babylon, had become
separated from Nabonidus. In October 539 BC, the greatest city of the ancient world fell
to the Persians.
The capture of Babylon delivered not only Mesopotamia into the hands of Cyrus but also
Syria and Palestine, which had been conquered previously by the Babylonians.
Cyrus had a very imperialistic way of conquering. Instead of burning cities and
killing the civilians of those areas, he decided to honor local customs and traditions.
In his conquests he spilled little to no blood of the city people. He is known for freeing
the Jewish captives in Babylonia and allowing them to return to their homeland.
Cyrus was also tolerant toward the Babylonians and others. He showed respect local
populations by supporting local customs and sacrificing to local gods.
5. Conquest con’t .
.
Cyrus’s successor and son Cambyses (530-522) seized Egypt in 525 BC He is known for ordering for images of Egyptian gods to be burned. After his death rebellions broke out and the empire seemed to be fragile.
Cambyses’s successor Darius (521-486) conquered Afghanistan and India. While in power Egypt, Anatolia, part of east India, and center Fertile Crescent were embraced as part of the empire.
By 495 Darius conquered Asia Minor.
He was unsuccessful in trying so conquer the Scythians in 512BC.
Had to conquer Babylon again after they revolted with the help of a general that deceived the Babylonians in 520BC
6. Expansions
While Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius were all in reign Persian territory expanded over 2500 miles in Asia.
Cyrus expanded the nation into Lydia, Babylonia (which was a great accomplishment), Syria, and Palestine.
Cambyses’s short 6 year reign over Persia, he expanded into Egypt.
Last, Darius made the greatest expansions in Persia. He conquered Afghanistan and Parts of India. He was also the first to create the Royal Road that expanded from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia, it ran 1667 miles. The Royal Road and the satraps (governors) helped unite the large kingdom that he lived in.

8. Religion Zoroastrianism was the main religion of Ancient Persia, it influenced other cultures as well.
9. Zoroastrianism
People of the Fertile Crescent had to go through famine, war, and conquest. This arose the question of, why must the world have so much chaos and suffering?
His teachings were that two spiritual armies fought for your soul.
Zoroaster, a Persian prophet and religious reformer (lived around 600 B.C.) Thought of the answer to that.
Ahura Mazda, the god of truth and light was the leader of one army. Ahriman the god of evil and darkness lead the other army.
10. *Zoroaster preached that in the end all souls would be judged on the side that they chose. *The people who were followers of Ahura Mazda were taken into paradise *The people who were followers of Ahriman were condemned to suffer forever in a fiery pit.
11. ✭ A collection of books called the Avesta were the holy writings of the Zoroastrian religion. ✭ They had a sense of heaven, hell, and final judgment which were very similar to the ones of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ✭ Zoroastrianism spread east to India. ✭ In India it became the Parsi sect, the biggest Zoroastrian group in the world.
12. Image Above Example Of Fiery Pit
Zoroastrianism had a major influence on the development of Manicheanism
Manicheanism is a religious system that competed with early Christianity
Mithra , a Zoroastrian god had a cult developed around “it”
This cult spread to become a very popular religion along the legions of the Roman Empire
13. In the Persian Empire the religion Zoroastrianism was the main religion. It had some of the aspects of other religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Some religions developed from Zoroastrianism. This religion was a big influence in many cultures. Conclusion

15. Persian Culture & Human Interaction
16. The Persians were people who had a thriving culture and interacted with their land and/or others in various ways. Their culture was characterized by religion ( mentioned earlier on), customs, and the arts. The Persians interacted with their land by taking advantage of its beauty and resources. These people are used their culture and interactions in order to identify themselves. Introduction!!!
17. Customs of Persian People: Conduct
Family is very important to the Persian people, their family is their inner circle. With their families they can act themselves, identity known as “batin
The Persians outer circle includes colleagues and business related people. In front of these people the Persians in a way have a different identity known as “Zaher”
Females are to be protected and shielded from the ways of the “outside world”
When one is offered something, one must refuse until the person offering the “something” becomes persistent. This conduct must be displayed even if you want something very badly
At social events men kiss other men, women kiss over women to greet each other but in the street a hand shake is the proper greeting
People of equal rank kiss each other on the lips, if one person is a bit inferior than the greeting is a kiss on the cheek, and lastly if the person is greatly inferior one must “prostrate” on the ground”
Lying is the most disgraceful thing in Persian culture, so try not to lie!!!
Family always comes before business relationships
18. *Pottery is one of the oldest Persian forms of art *Some of the pottery dates back to the 5th millennium BC! *Most Persian pottery was used for decoration *Persian pottery was and still is known for its fine detail and precision *This detail and precision came into the spotlight during the 9th century * Even when using simple themes (such as folktales, animals, etc.) the Persian artisans had impeccable detail and imagination to make masterpieces out of simple topics Art:Pottery
19. *Rugs are a prized possessions even today to Persians *The Persians were one of the first carpet weavers *The rugs are usually named after the village, region, tribe, etc where they were weaved in *Like other forms of Persian art, great detail and vibrant colors are included in these rugs *The rugs show various Islamic influences *Rugs often include floral like patterns so Persian people feel reminded of their garden when sitting on the rugs *Some believe traditional rugs started being created around 500 BC when Cyrus was King *Others beg to differ and suggest that Persian nomads developed the rugs with sheep’s wool before Cyrus’s time Rugs
20. Dance
Persian dance roots in Far Province
2500BC Persian dancers are shown in artwork
Mithraism: Dances of fire, swords, and horses (dancers would actually dance on the horses) to praise the god Mithra
Jewelry such as bangles worn when dancing and feet pounded rhythmically on the ground
Later on when the Islamic religion became major in the Persian empire dance faded out viewed as a disgrace and no record were kept of it
During one time dancers were enslaved and forced to do inappropriate dances for their conquerors
21. Persia: Human Interaction with Land: Natural Resources
Persia a land of various resources
Copper, lead, gold, silver, and lapis lazuli are just a few of Persia’s resources
Wool from animals used to make the now famous Persian Rugs
Persian Gulf was the only place that had pearls which was a great advantage in the trading industry
Fertile farmland “boasted” in minerals
Fertile land provided crops and no food shortages for the Persian people
These natural resources helped a lot in Persian Trade
22. The Persians and their thriving culture & human interactions are shown in so many ways. They are shown through their straight forward customs which we can see even today. The Persian performing and visual arts show the Persian’s impeccable detail and effort of expression. The way the Persian people interact with their land to provide them with trade advantages and provide them with essential resources. These topics truly show us what the Persian people are all about.


24. http://www.livius.org/a/1/iran/behistun_photo.JPG Persia was an empire full of Moral og Etik, conquests, culture, interactions, and trade. This empire was once not paid attention to by the world. Persia made its way to the top through its leaders and its people who at one point rose above all the other. Conclusion, Wrap-Up

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